
In Brazil if they have a Italian surname, they’re probably descendants of the 1880s-1930s immigration wave that was incentivized specifically as a way to avoid giving work and land to the recently freed black population.
The ex-slaves were driven into the city periphery (eventually leading to the favela phenomenon), while Italian newcommers were given priority for land distribution alongside some of the (Portuguese-ish) white urban population.


Incredibly likely. Not of the “original colonisers”, as in the Portuguese, but rather of the new settlers from after slavery was abolished. Ironically the Portuguese settler descendants themselves got the short end of the stick among the whites. Even Bolsonaro himself is of Italian settler descent.